提示
×
取消
确定
当前位置:首页 > 新闻资讯
异恶唑草酮在环境介质中的挥发及登记情况简介
来源:中国农化专利网   发布时间:2019-11-04 17:12
简述
异恶唑草酮 (isoxaflutole) , 化学名称为5-环丙基-4-[2- (甲磺酰) -4- (三氟甲基) 苯甲酰]异恶唑 (结构式见图1) , 是一种苗前选择性内吸除草剂, 由罗纳-普朗克公司 (现为拜耳公司)。

异恶唑草酮 (isoxaflutole) , 化学名称为5-环丙基-4-[2- (甲磺酰) -4- (三氟甲基) 苯甲酰]异恶唑 (结构式见图1) , 是一种苗前选择性内吸除草剂, 由罗纳-普朗克公司 (现为拜耳公司) 于2001年最早开发, 最初主要应用于玉米田[1], 主要通过植物的根部和叶面吸收后, 经韧皮部与木质部传导至整个植株, 目前广泛用于防除玉米、甘蔗和甜菜等作物的田间杂草, 长期占据玉米田除草剂和对羟基苯丙酮酸双加氧酶 (HPPD) 抑制剂市场中第二的位置, 成为替代甲草胺、乙草胺、异丙甲草胺和莠去津等除草剂的首选品种[2,3]

 

异恶唑草酮除草剂杀草谱广, 有效除草时期长, 其广泛应用可能给人类带来潜在的健康风险或造成生态环境污染[4,5]。然而, 目前关于异恶唑草酮的研究主要集中在其药效和残留等方面[4,5,6,7,8,9,10], 有关其环境行为特性的研究较少。Lin等[6,7]研究了异恶唑草酮及其代谢物的水解和光解特性, 结果表明, 异恶唑草酮在土壤表面光解和水解较快, 在土壤表面的光解半衰期为20~23 h, 其水溶液 (250 μg·L-1, pH 7.18, 25 ℃) 光解半衰期短于9 h。Alletto等[11]研究了异恶唑草酮及其代谢物在土壤中的吸附解吸特性, 结果显示, 异恶唑草酮及其代谢物在设施土壤中的吸附性能与有机质含量呈显著正相关。Ramanarayanan等[12]研究了异恶唑草酮及其主要代谢物的土壤降解特性, 结果表明, 异恶唑草酮在土壤中好氧降解较快, 其半衰期为0.3~4.3 d。

image.png

图1 异恶唑草酮的结构式

 

农药在土壤-水环境中的吸附、水-沉积物系统中的降解, 及在环境中的挥发性是农药环境归趋的重要组成部分, 是评价农药在环境中迁移降解的重要指标, 对农药的安全性评价及科学使用具有重要意义[13,14,15,16,17]。本研究参照国家标准GB/T 31270—2014《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》 (以下简称《准则》) , 开展异恶唑草酮在土壤中的吸附、不同环境介质中的挥发性, 以及不同来源水-沉积物系统中的降解特性研究, 旨在为其科学合理使用和生态环境安全风险评价提供基础数据。

 

一、异恶唑草酮在不同介质中的挥发性

农药的挥发性直接关系到其在环境中的再分配与持留、归趋。通常, 挥发性大的农药对环境的影响范围较大。不同介质中的挥发性试验结果 (表2) 表明, 异恶唑草酮在吸收液中均未检出, 其挥发量均<0.25 μg。异恶唑草酮在红壤土、潮土表面的挥发试验回收率分别为87.97%和6.41%, 低于其在空气和水中的挥发试验回收率, 表明异恶唑草酮在2种类型土壤中存在不同程度的降解, 且在pH偏碱性的潮土中降解更快, 因而回收率较低。该结果与Beltrán等[18]和Taylor-Lovell等[19]研究结果一致。异恶唑草酮在土壤中极易降解, 其降解速率与土壤pH值具有显著的相关性, 随pH上升, 降解速率加快。

 

异恶唑草酮在不同介质中的挥发率值均≤1%, 表明异恶唑草酮在空气、水和土壤表面较难挥发。

 

二、国内登记情况

经中国农药信息网查询,截止日前,我国登记含双环磺草酮有效成分的产品仅10个,其中仅2018年登记产品有8个,具体见下表。

image.png

 

三、市场前景

从异噁唑草酮的国内登记情况的10个产品来看,2018年1年就登记8个产品,可见异噁唑草酮的登记趋势明显上涨,其国内市场前景广大,希望登记该产品的企业赶紧抓住机遇。

 

参考文献

[1] PALLETT K E, CRAMP S M, LITTLE J P, et al.Isoxaflutole:the background to its discovery and the basis of its herbicidal properties[J].Pest Management Science, 2001, 57 (2) :133-142.

[2] PALLETT K E, LITTLE J P, SHEEKEY M, et al.The mode of action of isoxaflutole I:physiological effects, metabolism, and selectivity[J].Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 1998, 62 (2) :113-124.

[3] 苏少泉.异恶唑草酮的开发、使用与除草剂新品种筛选的思考[J].农药研究与应用, 2008, 12 (1) :1-6.SU S Q.The development and application of isoxaflutole and thinking about screening of new herbicides[J].Agrochemicals Research & Application, 2008, 12 (1) :1-6. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[4] 高兴祥, 孙作文, 李美, 等.异恶唑草酮防除玉米田杂草及玉米安全性效果测定[J].玉米科学, 2016, 24 (5) :157-160.GAO X X, SUN Z W, LI M, et al.Weed control effect of isoxaflutole and its safety to maize in glasshouse and field[J].Journal of Maize Sciences, 2016, 24 (5) :157-160. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[5] 卢宗志, 祝彦海, 李洪鑫, 等.异恶唑草酮单用及混用对玉米田杂草的防治效果[J].农药, 2017, 56 (11) :840-843.LU Z Z, ZHU Y H, LI H X, et al.Effect experiments of isoxaflutole and its mixture with other herbicides for control weed in corn field[J].Agrochemicals, 2017, 56 (11) :840-843. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[6] LIN C H, LERCH R N, THURMAN E M, et al.Determination of isoxaflutole (balance) and its metabolites in water using solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002, 50 (21) :5816-5824.

[7] LIN C H, LERCH R N, GARRETT H E, et al.Improved HPLC-MS/MS method for determination of isoxaflutole (balance) and its metabolites in soils and forage plants[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007, 55 (10) :3805-3815.

[8] 杨长志, 王传松, 程阳, 等.HPLC-MS/MS测定玉米中异恶唑草酮及代谢物残留量[J].食品科学, 2011, 32 (22) :280-284.YANG C Z, WANG C S, CHENG Y, et al.Determination of isoxaflutole and its metabolite residues in maize by HPLC-MS/MS[J].Food Science, 2011, 32 (22) :280-284. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[9] 罗佳, 沈睿至, 杨长志.液相色谱-串质谱法测定大米中异恶唑草酮及代谢物残留量[J].食品安全质量检测学报, 2015, 6 (7) :2863-2868.LUO J, SHEN R Z, YANG C Z.Determination of isoxaflutole and its metabolites residues in rice by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2015, 6 (7) :2863-2868. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[10] 王东, 闫思月, 贾春虹, 等.分散固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定玉米和土壤中噻酮磺隆-异恶唑草酮及其代谢物残留[J].分析测试学报, 2017, 36 (3) :355-360.WANG D, YAN S Y, JIA C H, et al.Determination of thiencarbazone-methyl, isoxaflutole and their metabolites residues in corn and soil by dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Instrumental Analysis, 2017, 36 (3) :355-360. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[11] ALLETTO L, BENOIT P, BERGHEAUD V, et al.Variability of retention process of isoxaflutole and its diketonitrile metabolite in soil under conventional and conservation tillage[J].Pest Management Science, 2012, 68 (4) :610-617.

[12] RAMANARAYANAN T, NARASIMHAN B, SRINIVASAN R.Characterization of fate and transport of isoxaflutole, a soil-applied corn herbicide, in surface water using a watershed model[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005, 53 (22) :8848-8858.

[13] 吴文铸, 陈全博, 单正军.环氟菌胺在土壤和水-沉积物系统中的降解研究[J].生态环境学报, 2016, 25 (4) :680-685.WU W Z, CHEN Q B, SHAN Z J.Degradation of cyflufenamid in soil and water-sediment system[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2016, 25 (4) :680-685. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[14] 吴文铸, 单正军.特丁硫磷在环境中的迁移性研究[J].农药学学报, 2011, 13 (2) :174-179.WU W Z, SHAN Z J.Migration characteristics of terbufos in the environment[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2011, 13 (2) :174-179. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[15] 许秀莹, 宋稳成, 王鸣华.氟啶胺在土壤中的吸附解吸与淋溶特性[J].中国环境科学, 2013, 33 (4) :669-673.XU X Y, SONG W C, WANG M H.Adsorption-desorption and leaching characteristics of fluazinam in soils[J].China Environmental Science, 2013, 33 (4) :669-673. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[16] 豆敏详, 姚满, 吴志凤, 等.苦参碱在土壤中的环境行为研究[J].农药学学报, 2017, 19 (5) :576-582.DOU M X, YAO M, WU Z F, et al.The environment behavior of matrine in the soil[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2017, 19 (5) :576-582. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[17] 李璇, 冯岩, 王娇, 等.氨唑草酮在土壤中的降解、吸附与淋溶特性[J].农药, 2017, 56 (10) :757-759.LI X, FENG Y, WANG J, et al.Degradation, adsorption and leaching of amicarbazone in soil[J].Agrochemicals, 2017, 56 (10) :757-759. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[18] BELTRÁN E, FENET H, COOPER J F, et al.Fate of isoxaflutole in soil under controlled conditions[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003, 51 (1) :146-151.

[19] TAYLOR-LOVELL S, SIMS G K, WAX L M.Effects of moisture, temperature, and biological activity on the degradation of isoxaflutole in soil[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002, 50 (20) :5626-5633.

 

部分内容来源:浙江农业学报